The SNPs and InDels with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of less than 0.05 were filtered for genome-wide association study (GWAS). GWAS was performed for 18 traits using the GEMMA. The population structure was controlled for by including the first two principal components as covariates, as well as an IBS kinship matrix derived from all variants (SNP and InDels) calculated by GEMMA (v0.98.1). The cutoff for determining significant associations was set as -lg10(1/n), where n represents the total number of variations.