BjuIR

Brassica juncea Information Resource

A multi-omics database with various tools for accelerating functional genomics research in Brassica juncea
e.g. BjuVA08G37910 or AT1G03630 or PORC

Transcriptomics

Tissue expression profile:
941 RNA-seq libraries of B. juncea, covering 15 tissues were collected in this module. The transcriptomics clean reads were mapped to the T84-66.V2.0 genome by software Hisat2 (v.2.2.1) (Kim et al., 2019), and the expression level of each gene was identified by stringtie (v.2.1.4) (Pertea et al., 2015). "Tissue expression profile" interface provides queries for gene expression profiles cross tissues. Additionally, users can also observe the gene expression level under different lines, treatments and stages, such as B. juncea lines with different seed size (Mathur et al., 2022), B. juncea lines with different leaf colors (Liu et al., 2022), treatments with different nitrogen concentrations (Goel et al., 2018), different seed development stages (Gao et al., 2022).
eFP:
Electronic Fluorescent Pictographic (eFP) provides color-coded pictograms of tissues to intuitively visualize temporal dynamic changes in gene expression level. In this module, there are 3 models for users to choose.
Absolute: The absolute expression level for a given gene.
Relative: The relative expression of any given gene is compared to a control data (the median expression value of that gene for all samples that were measured), which can be used to study where the gene is the most prominently expressed (Winter et al., 2007).
Compare: The relative expression of any given gene (primary gene) can be compared to any other gene (reference gene).
Co-expression:
The co-expression networks of gene-gene/lncRNA-mRNA are generated by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and the output is decided by the threshold of a Pearson coefficient that is settled by users.
Population expression profile:
A total of 204 B. juncea accessions with RNA-seq data were used to develop the "Population expression profile" (Harper et al., 2020). The transcriptomics clean reads were mapped to the T84-66.V2.0 genome by software Hisat2 (v.2.2.1) (Kim et al., 2019), and the expression level of each gene was identified by stringtie (v.2.1.4) (Pertea et al., 2015).
Differential expression:
Six bioprojects were used in the "Differential expression" module, and five traits of B. juncea were studied in these bioprojects, including leaf color, leaf shape, leaf vein color, seed size, seed development. The R package "DEseq2" (Love et al., 2014) was used for identifying differently expressed genes (DEGs). Before running DEseq2, low expressed (rowSums < 1) genes were removed, and the cut-off criterion for identifying DEGs was as follows: A false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and | log2 (Fold Change) |> 1.

References
1. An, G. and Chen, J. (2021). Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea. BMC Plant Biol. 21: 301.
2. Bhardwaj, A.R., Joshi, G., Kukreja, B., Malik, V., Arora, P., Pandey, R., Shukla, R.N., Bankar, K.G., Katiyar-Agarwal, S., Goel, S. et al. (2015). Global insights into high temperature and drought stress regulated genes by RNA-Seq in economically important oilseed crop Brassica juncea. BMC Plant Biol. 15: 9.
3. Duhlian, L., Koramutla, M.K., Subramanian, S., Chamola, R. and Bhattacharya, R. (2020). Comparative transcriptomics revealed differential regulation of defense related genes in Brassica juncea leading to successful and unsuccessful infestation by aphid species. Sci. Rep. 10: 10583.
4. Gao, P., Quilichini, T.D., Yang, H., Li, Q., Nilsen, K.T., Qin, L., Babic, V., Liu, L., Cram, D., Pasha, A. et al. (2022). Evolutionary divergence in embryo and seed coat development of U's Triangle Brassica species illustrated by a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas. New Phytol. 233: 30-51.
5. Goel, P., Sharma, N.K., Bhuria, M., Sharma, V., Chauhan, R., Pathania, S., Swarnkar, M.K., Chawla, V., Acharya, V., Shankar, R. et al. (2018). Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analyses Identify Key Genes Regulating Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Brassica juncea L. Sci. Rep. 8: 7451.
6. Harper, A.L., He, Z., Langer, S., Havlickova, L., Wang, L., Fellgett, A., Gupta, V., Kumar Pradhan, A. and Bancroft, I. (2020). Validation of an associative transcriptomics platform in the polyploid crop species Brassica juncea by dissection of the genetic architecture of agronomic and quality traits. Plant J. 103: 1885-1893.
7. Heng, S., Wang, L., Yang, X., Huang, H., Chen, G., Cui, M., Liu, M., Lv, Q., Wan, Z., Shen, J. et al. (2020). Genetic and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed DEGs Involved in the Purple Leaf Formation in Brassica juncea. Front Genet. 11: 322.
8. Kang, L., Qian, L., Zheng, M., Chen, L., Chen, H., Yang, L., You, L., Yang, B., Yan, M., Gu, Y. et al. (2021). Genomic insights into the origin, domestication and diversification of Brassica juncea. Nat. Genet. 53: 1392-1402.
9. Kim, D., Paggi, J.M., Park, C., Bennett, C. and Salzberg, S.L. (2019). Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype. Nat. Biotechnol. 37: 907-915.
10. Liu, Y., Li, G., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, H., Sun, R. and Li, F. (2022). Comprehensive Transcriptome-Metabolome Analysis and Evaluation of the Dark_Pur Gene from Brassica juncea that Controls the Differential Regulation of Anthocyanins in Brassica rapa. Genes (Basel) 13.
11. Love, M.I., Huber, W. and Anders, S. (2014). Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15: 1-21.
12. Lu, H., Xu, P., Hu, K., Xiao, Q., Wen, J., Yi, B., Ma, C., Tu, J., Fu, T. and Shen, J. (2020). Transcriptome profiling reveals cytokinin promoted callus regeneration in Brassica juncea. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 141: 191-206.
13. Mathur, S., Paritosh, K., Tandon, R., Pental, D. and Pradhan, A.K. (2022). Comparative analysis of seed transcriptome and coexpression analysis reveal candidate genes for enhancing seed size/weight in Brassica juncea. Front Genet. 13: 814486.
14. Panjabi, P., Jagannath, A., Bisht, N.C., Padmaja, K.L., Sharma, S., Gupta, V., Pradhan, A.K. and Pental, D. (2008). Comparative mapping of Brassica juncea and Arabidopsis thaliana using Intron Polymorphism (IP) markers: homoeologous relationships, diversification and evolution of the A, B and C Brassica genomes. BMC Genomics 9: 113.
15. Pertea, M., Pertea, G.M., Antonescu, C.M., Chang, T.C., Mendell, J.T. and Salzberg, S.L. (2015). StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Nat. Biotechnol. 33: 290-295.
16. Winter, D., Vinegar, B., Nahal, H., Ammar, R., Wilson, G.V. and Provart, N.J. (2007). An "Electronic Fluorescent Pictograph" browser for exploring and analyzing large-scale biological data sets. PLoS One 2: e718.
17. Wu, Z., Hu, K., Yan, M., Song, L., Wen, J., Ma, C., Shen, J., Fu, T., Yi, B. and Tu, J. (2019). Mitochondrial genome and transcriptome analysis of five alloplasmic male-sterile lines in Brassica juncea. BMC Genomics 20: 348.
18. Zhang, K., Yang, D., Hu, Y., Njogu, M.K., Qian, J., Jia, L., Yan, C., Li, Z., Wang, X. and Wang, L. (2022). Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals New Insights into the Formation of Purple Leaf Veins and Leaf Edge Cracks in Brassica juncea. Plants (Basel) 11: 2229 .
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